Back pain: causes and treatment

Almost every person in the course of life happens, at least, a long episode of back pain, and one third of the adults of these unpleasant sensations are repeated regularly. The relevance of the problem is illustrated with at the least by the fact that in the treatment of back pain each year spent three times more than that of finance, which in the therapy for cancer patients.

The duration of the pain episode usually is about 2 weeks, but many of the patients residual are still conserved in the time period of a month or more. The

part of these patients diagnosed of hernia of the intervertebral disc, disease of spinnomozgovogo of the channel, disease of the kidneys, ovaries, and other internal organs, and sometimes the malignancy of a tumor or its metastases.

In our article, we will briefly describe the main causes of pain in the back and its characteristics, which help the person to understand that health problems and it is time to call a doctor.

The possible causes of pain in the back:

  • the defeat of the spine, ligaments and muscles;
  • the breach of roots and other diseases of the spinal cord;
  • diseases of the internal organs;
  • diseases of the connective tissue;
  • depression and psychogenic of the infringement.

It has been shown that back pain often occur with limited mobility, obesity, smoking, heavy physical work, stay in an uncomfortable posture of the prolonged action of the vibration, as well as closed curves of the trunk.

Diseases of the spine, ligaments and joints

bowl

The majority of people with complaints of back pain that occur due to lesions of the intervertebral discs, the joints between the spindles, as well as of the own bones of the bodies of the vertebrae. With age the discs between the vertebrae lose water, reducing its thickness. In consequence, it increases the mobility of the individual elements of the spine, which can irritate receptors in painful intervertebral joints. I must say that, often, even in people with the "age" of the changes of the spine back pain is not. Often, the herniated disc is combined with the pain of the accident.

In the last years a growing importance in the development of a constant pain in the back, attributed to the so-called syndrome of the joints with the "child face" — private in the form of osteoarthritis, attacking articular apparatus of the spine.

The pain in this syndrome may be unilateral and bilateral, and are located near the spine, most often in the lumbar region with the diffusion in the thigh. The pain often appears in the morning, but during the day it happens and to bounce back from the load to the hour of the evening. For the first time usually appears after the abrupt twist or tilt of the trunk. The pain intensifies in the standing position and correct the extension of the back, is reduced in the sitting or lying position, in slight flexion, the use of brackets. The syndrome of the joints with the "child's face" often repeat.

Often cause pain in the back to the defeat of the vertebral column of the following states:

  • spondylolisthesis is the displacement of the vertebrae with respect to one another;
  • the spinal stenosis;
  • ankylosing spondylitis (illness behtereva);
  • osteoporosis with fractures of the vertebral bodies (often in older people, especially women);
  • a large disc herniation (more than 5 mm);
  • disease of the cervical spine.

The lack of physical activity during the work day is distinguished for the work in the office. The lack of movement, prolonged in an uncomfortable posture that cause excess load on the joints and cause pain, discomfort, and progressive destruction of the cartilage. Therefore, workers in offices, it is recommended to do gymnastics, and they also need to be tools that help protect and restore the cartilage, shaving the fabric.

More rare, but dangerous causes of the pain syndrome refers to the tumor, the more often it is the metastases in the spine. The risk increases when the patient has any malignancy (most often lung cancer, breast and prostate), weight loss, fever, duration of complaints of more than a month, over the age of 50 years. Metastasis most commonly affects the chest department of the backbone.

Another cause of back pain associated with cancer diseases that are referred to multiple myeloma. Rare, but there are benign, primary malignant tumours of the vertebral column, for example, a benign tumor that is formed of bone, ewing's sarcoma.

The disease behtereva should be suspected when the patient's age, morning stiffness of the spine and the larger joints, the improvement of the state after heating. The pain often appears in the gluteal region. It is characteristic of the gain by the night as a patient in the morning because you cannot sleep by the unpleasant sensations.

The back pain appear and other symptoms that are observed in the following diseases:

  • the psoriatic arthritis;

  • it is a rheumatic disease;
  • juvenile rheumatoid arthritis;
  • Crohn's disease, whipple, ulcerative colitis;
  • shigellosis, salmonellosis.

An important component of comprehensive treatment, is the use of drugs whose effectiveness is centered on the conservation and normalization of state of the joints and the cartilage. The injection provides the maximum bioavailability and speed of action of a drug that helps stop the progression of the destruction of cartilage, relieves inflammation, and stimulates the synthesis of hyaluronic acid. Thanks to the rapid offensive effect there is no need to tell the drug-a total of 20 injections of 2 times a year. In addition they of the treatment of pain in the back that allows you to reduce the dose and duration of use of nsaids.

Vertebral osteomyelitis or spondylitis you need to take when you are long the fever, the intravenous introduction of drugs or narcotics, previous to the infectious disease or to an injury, the intake of immunosuppressive drugs. Inflammatory disease of the spine may have and the specific nature, which is presented to the sfilis, tuberculosis.

Defines the so-called indicators of serious problems, which require a thorough examination of the patient:

  • suddenly, for the first time in life has arisen the pain;
  • a sharp pain;
  • the absence of the function of the pain of the position of the body;
  • the pain is stronger at night than in the day;
  • the age of the patient under 20 years of age and older 55 years;
  • it has recently been transferred to the back injury;
  • the probability of infection (inflammation in the urinary tract, the receipt of immunosuppressive drugs, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome);
  • that has migrated oncology services of the disease;
  • unexplained weight loss and fever;
  • the general weakness;
  • the incontinence of urine or feces;
  • the violation of the march;
  • progressive neurological disorders.

The defeat of the muscles

spina

The defeat of the muscles of the back may be secondary to disease of the spine muscles are tightened, creating a "protective brace", with retention of the spine, but of permanent tension and spasm, they become the cause of the pain. Often, the spasm of the muscles occurs initially, for example, the prolonged stay in the uncomfortable posture or the increase of the anxiety. This pain syndrome is relatively benign during and responds well to treatment with medications.

Some systemic diseases of the muscles also manifest pain in the back. Them concern:

  • polymyalgia rheumatica;
  • fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia – it is quite common for the most common disease in middle-aged women. It is characterized by the effusion of pain in the muscles of the torso, weakness, sleep disorders, changes in the sensitivity of the skin, the anxiety, the unsustainable exploitation of the chair.

Pathology of the spinal cord and its roots

Compression of roots of the spinal cord, out through the openings between the spindles of the vertebrae, is more rare cause of pain of each patient 10. However, when this pain syndrome stronger and of longer duration, the treatment lasts about 2 months.

Compression (compression) root cause:

  • the hernia of intervertebral disk;
  • hypertrophy of ligament yellow;
  • bone expansion;
  • the narrowing of the spinal canal (for example, due to the injury).

Image of the defeat of roots (radiculopathy): acute "stabbing" pain in the back, the violation of the sensitivity in zone of innervation of the spine, decreased reflexes, weakness of the muscles of the corresponding. If the compression of the spine it has been shown through modern research methods and pharmacological treatment is effective sometimes surgery is done.

Diseases of the internal organs

Back pain occurs not only to the diseases of the spine and spinal cord, but that accompanies many diseases of the internal organs:

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  • heart disease (myocardial infarction, stable and unstable angina, infective endocarditis, aneurysm of the aorta);
  • diseases of the lungs (pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pleural effusion);
  • pathology of the esophagus and the stomach (peptic ulcer, esophageal spasm esophagitis);
  • the inflammatory processes in the kidneys, the liver, the pancreas, the gallbladder.

Usually distinguish these diseases allows for two things:

  • sudden and very intense pain in the back;
  • the signs of the defeat of the relevant organs (dyspnea, wheezing in the lungs, pain on palpation of the abdomen, and so on).

When the back pain, especially that which has arisen suddenly and is not accompanied by signs of disease in the spine, you should always record the ecg for exclusion of acute myocardial infarction. Especially this atypical localization of pain in ischemic heart disease is typical of older persons.

Psychogenic violation of

The transition of the syndrome of pain in the chronic, contributing to social factors and behavior:

  • financial difficulties;
  • the emotional stress;
  • confidence in the inevitability of pain because of its apparent relationship with the daily work;
  • thoughts on the possibility of heavy, the disease and loss of working capacity;
  • depression;
  • dependence of other persons;
  • the strategy of avoidance of the disease, in which the patient does not perform any action for the diagnosis and treatment of your condition.

To what doctor to go to

Thus, the causes of back pain are very varied. As well as often relate to the diseases of the spine and spinal cord, when it appears, you should consult nevrologu. In addition, you may require the consultation of other professionals: a neurosurgeon, a radiation oncologist, a gastroenterologist blinded, cardiologist, surgeon, as well as a psychologist. To select the correct specialist, you can get in touch with your doctor first, that after the initial evaluation will be able to establish the preliminary diagnosis.